Neurocognitive disorders (known as dementia) affect around 5% of those aged over 65 years, rising to 20% in the over-80s.Dementia is the significant decline in one or more of the following: attention, learning and memory (short-term memory), ‘executing​’ complex tasks through to completion, language, the skills needed to carry out activities of daily living, and social  behaviour. Often, other mental functions may also be affected, including changes in mood, and personality. This decline warrants concern of the individual and/or loved ones and interferes in everyday life. They may need assistance with daily living such as paying bills, preparing meals, keeping track of money, remembering appointments, managing medications, and travel. The decline ranges from mild or moderate to severe depending on how independent the person is.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for around 60% of cases. The second most common is vascular dementia, accounting for about 5-10% of cases.

Treatment:

Many conditions are progressive, which means that the signs of dementia start out slowly and gradually get worse. The speed at which this condition progresses is variable. Individuals may have years of productive, active, and meaningful life following a diagnosis of dementia. Unfortunately, there is no current cure. However, early diagnosis allows individuals to get the maximum benefit from available treatment. There are options for medications, behavioural therapies, and social adjustments that can help delay some of the progress of the illness along with helping the individual stay independent for as long as possible.